The Ancient City of Myra, Demre
Exploring the Ancient City of Myra: A Journey Through History and Faith
Nestled in the picturesque Demre district of Antalya, Turkey, the ancient city of Myra is a historical gem that has captivated visitors for centuries. Known for its stunning rock-cut tombs, grand Roman theater, and its deep ties to early Christianity, Myra offers a unique blend of ancient history, architecture, and religious significance. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an architecture lover, or someone seeking to explore the roots of Christian faith, Myra is a must-visit destination on Turkey’s Turquoise Coast.
The Location and History of Myra
Myra, situated near the Mediterranean coast, was one of the prominent cities of ancient Lycia, a region in southwestern Turkey. The city’s strategic location along trade routes and its fertile land contributed to its prosperity, making it an important center of culture and commerce in ancient times. The ruins of Myra, located near the modern town of Demre, are just a short distance from the sea, which once connected it to major ports of the ancient world.
The city’s history stretches back to the 5th century BCE, and it became part of the Roman Empire in the 1st century BCE. During this period, Myra flourished and became the capital of Lycia, boasting impressive public buildings, temples, and monuments. However, it is the rock-cut tombs and the large Roman theater that have left the most lasting impression on modern visitors.
The Rock-Cut Tombs of Myra
One of the most iconic features of Myra is the rock-cut tombs that line the cliffs above the city. These tombs, carved directly into the mountainside, were built by the ancient Lycian people, who believed that the souls of the deceased would be carried to the afterlife by winged creatures. The intricate carvings and architectural design of these tombs are a testament to the craftsmanship and artistic achievements of the Lycians.
Visitors to Myra can marvel at the Necropolis of the Lycian Tombs, which is particularly striking for its sheer scale and the precision of the carvings. The tombs are often multi-storied, with detailed facades that resemble the front of temples or houses. Despite the passage of time, these tombs still evoke a sense of grandeur and mystery, providing a window into the beliefs and customs of ancient Lycian society.
The Roman Theater
The Roman Theater of Myra is another highlight of the ancient city. With a seating capacity of around 10,000 spectators, this theater is one of the largest and best-preserved examples of Roman architecture in Turkey. Built in the 2nd century CE, the theater was used for both entertainment and public gatherings. Its well-preserved structure allows visitors to imagine the bustling crowds that once gathered here to watch plays, musical performances, and gladiatorial games.
As you walk through the theater, you can see the intricate details of the stage and the audience seating area. The theater’s acoustics are impressive, and it is easy to see why it was such an important center of public life in ancient Myra.
Myra’s Christian Heritage and St. Nicholas
For Christians, Myra holds special significance due to its association with St. Nicholas, who served as the bishop of Myra during the 4th century CE. St. Nicholas, also known as Santa Claus, was a revered figure in early Christianity and became famous for his acts of charity and miracles. He is particularly known for helping the poor and protecting children, which led to his widespread veneration in both Eastern and Western Christian traditions.
The Church of St. Nicholas, located in Demre, is a pilgrimage site for many visitors. This Byzantine-era church, built in honor of the saint, contains stunning frescoes and sarcophagi, and is believed to be the original burial site of St. Nicholas. Although his relics were moved to Bari, Italy, in the 11th century, the church remains a sacred place for Christians and a testament to the city’s religious importance.
Myra’s connection to St. Nicholas has made it an important stop for Christian pilgrims, and it is often included in religious tours of Turkey. The church and the city as a whole serve as a reminder of the rich spiritual history that is intertwined with Myra’s ancient past.
The Importance of Myra in Ancient and Modern Times
Myra was not only an important political and cultural center in ancient times, but it also played a crucial role in the spread of Christianity. The city’s prominence in both the Roman and Byzantine periods helped it to become a hub for Christian teachings, and the legacy of St. Nicholas continues to draw visitors from around the world.
The city’s name, “Myra,” is believed to have Greek origins, and while it is not commonly used as a Turkish name, its significance in both ancient Greek and Roman history is well-established. Today, Myra is part of modern Turkey, and though it no longer has a population of its own, it remains an important archaeological and religious site that continues to attract tourists, historians, and believers alike.
Visiting Myra: Practical Tips
If you’re planning a visit to Myra, the site is easily accessible from Antalya or nearby towns like Kas and Kalkan. The ancient city is part of many guided tours that explore the Lycian coast, including stops at the Church of St. Nicholas and the nearby ruins of ancient Lycian cities like Xanthos and Patara.
The best time to visit Myra is in the spring or autumn, when the weather is mild and pleasant. Summers can be quite hot, especially in the southern region of Turkey, so make sure to bring plenty of water and wear comfortable shoes for walking through the ruins.
A visit to Myra can easily be combined with a trip to the stunning Turquoise Coast, where you can enjoy the beautiful Mediterranean beaches, ancient ruins, and the charming local culture. Whether you are exploring the rich history of the ancient city or enjoying the natural beauty of the surrounding area, Myra offers a unique travel experience that blends the ancient and the modern in a way that few other places can.
Why Myra Should Be on Your Travel List
The Ancient City of Myra is more than just a collection of ruins; it is a living testament to the rich history, culture, and faith that have shaped this part of Turkey for thousands of years. From its awe-inspiring rock-cut tombs to its well-preserved Roman theater, and from its association with St. Nicholas to its role in ancient Christianity, Myra offers visitors an unparalleled opportunity to step back in time and experience the glory of the ancient world.
Whether you are drawn by its architectural marvels, its spiritual significance, or simply its breathtaking location on the Mediterranean coast, Myra is a destination that promises to leave a lasting impression on all who visit.